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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Polyaenus</span></span>
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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="Polyaenus_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Polyaenus (disambiguation)">Polyaenus (disambiguation)</a>.</div>
<p><b>Polyaenus</b> or <b>Polyenus</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span></span>/</span></span> <i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">POL</span>-ee-<span style="font-size:90%">EE</span>-nəs</i>; see <a href="American_and_British_English_spelling_differences#ae_and_oe" title="American and British English spelling differences">ae (æ) vs. e</a>; <a href="Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Πoλύαινoς</span>, <small><a href="Romanization_of_Ancient_Greek" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Ancient Greek">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Ancient Greek-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">Polyainos</i></span>, "much-praised") was a 2nd-century Roman Macedonian author and rhetorician,<sup id="cite_ref-pol_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pol-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> known best for his <i>Stratagems in War</i> (<a href="Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Στρατηγήματα</span>, <small><a href="Romanization_of_Ancient_Greek" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Ancient Greek">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Ancient Greek-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">Strategemata</i></span>), which has been preserved. He was born in <a href="Bithynia" title="Bithynia">Bithynia</a>, <a href="Asia_Minor" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia Minor">Asia Minor</a>. The <i><a href="Suda" title="Suda">Suda</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-suda_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-suda-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> calls him a <a href="Rhetoric" title="Rhetoric">rhetorician</a>, and Polyaenus himself writes that he was accustomed to plead causes before the <a href="Roman_emperor" title="Roman emperor">Roman emperor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pol_2p_8p_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pol_2p_8p-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Polyaenus dedicated <i>Stratagems in War</i> to the two emperors <a href="Marcus_Aurelius" title="Marcus Aurelius">Marcus Aurelius</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 161–180</span>) and <a href="Lucius_Verus" title="Lucius Verus">Lucius Verus</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 161–169</span>), while they were engaged in the <a href="Roman%E2%80%93Parthian_War_of_161%E2%80%93166" title="Roman–Parthian War of 161–166">Roman–Parthian War of 161–166</a>, about 163, at which time he was too old to accompany them in their campaigns.<sup id="cite_ref-pol_1p_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pol_1p-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Stratagems">Stratagems</h2></div>
<p>This work is divided into eight books: the first six contain accounts of the <a href="Stratagem_(deception)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stratagem (deception)">stratagems</a> of the most celebrated <a href="Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Greek</a> generals and rulers, the seventh book contains stratagems of non Greeks and Romans, and the eighth book those of the Romans and of illustrious women. Parts, however, of the sixth and seventh books are lost, so that of the 900 stratagems which Polyaenus described, 833 have survived.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>The book has survived in a single copy made in the 13th century, although there exist five abridged versions. The full copy once belonged to <a href="Michel_Apostolios" class="mw-redirect" title="Michel Apostolios">Michel Apostolios</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It contains a vast number of anecdotes respecting many of the most celebrated men in antiquity, and has uniquely preserved many historical facts.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Polyaenus was first printed in a <a href="Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> translation, executed by Justus Vulteius, at <a href="Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a>, 1549. The <a href="Editio_princeps" title="Editio princeps">first edition</a> of the Greek text was published by <a href="Isaac_Casaubon" title="Isaac Casaubon">Isaac Casaubon</a>, <a href="Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a>, 1589; the next by Pancratius Maasvicius, <a href="Leyden" class="mw-redirect" title="Leyden">Leyden</a>, 1690; the third by Samuel Mursinna, <a href="Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, 1756; the fourth by <a href="Adamantios_Korais" title="Adamantios Korais">Adamantios Korais</a>, Paris, 1809.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The work has been translated into English by R. Shepherd, <a href="London" title="London">London</a>, 1793; into German by Seybold, <a href="Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a>, 1793–94, and by Blume, <a href="Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a>, 1834.
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_works">Other works</h2></div>
<p>Polyaenus also wrote several other works, all of which have perished. The <i>Suda</i> has preserved the titles of two, <i>On Thebes</i> (Περὶ Θηβῶν) and <i>Tactics</i>, in three books (Τακτικά). <a href="Stobaeus" title="Stobaeus">Stobaeus</a> makes a quotation from a work of Polyaenus, Ὑπὲρ τoῦ κoινoῦ τῶν Mακεδόνων<sup id="cite_ref-stob_43.53_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stob_43.53-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<i>For the <a href="Koinon_of_Macedonians" class="mw-redirect" title="Koinon of Macedonians">koinon of Macedonians</a></i>), and from another entitled Ὑπὲρ τoῦ Συνεδρίoυ<sup id="cite_ref-stob_43.41_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stob_43.41-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<i>For the <a href="Synedrion" title="Synedrion">Synedrion</a></i>). Polyaenus likewise mentions his intention of writing a work on the memorable actions of M. Aurelius and L. Verus.<sup id="cite_ref-pol_6p_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pol_6p-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div>
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<li id="cite_note-pol-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pol_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Polyaenus, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.attalus.org/info/polyaenus.html">info</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-suda-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-suda_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stoa.org/sol-bin/search.pl?login=guest&enlogin=guest&db=REAL&field=adlerhw_gr&searchstr=pi,1956"><i>Suda</i> π 1955, Πολύαινος</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-pol_2p_8p-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pol_2p_8p_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Polyaenus, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.attalus.org/translate/polyaenus2.html#Preface">praef. lib. ii</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.attalus.org/translate/polyaenus8A.html#Preface">praef. lib. viii</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-pol_1p-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pol_1p_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Polyaenus, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.attalus.org/translate/polyaenus1A.html#Preface">praef. lib. i</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">
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</style><cite id="CITEREFSmith1876" class="citation web cs1">Smith, William (1876). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=R6c_AAAAYAAJ&dq=%22833+have+come+down+to+us%22&pg=PA442">"A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology: Oarses-Zygia"</a>.</cite></span>
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<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFPolyaenus1994" class="citation book cs1">Polyaenus (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CVtJAAAAYAAJ&q=%22Michael+Apostolis+to+the+East+to+save+or+copy+Greek+manu-+scripts+.+Bessarion+,+Apostolis+,+and+his+son+Arsenios+.%22"><i>Στρατηγήματα</i></a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-89005-503-8</bdi>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFPolyaenus1793" class="citation web cs1">Polyaenus (1793). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YXHRAAAAMAAJ&pg=PR15">"Polyænus's Stratagems of War"</a>.</cite></span>
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<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elinepa.org/polyaenus-stratagems/">Polyaenus’ Stratagems</a>, ELINEPA, 2019</span>
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<li id="cite_note-stob_43.53-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-stob_43.53_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stobaeus, xlviii. 43</span>
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<li id="cite_note-stob_43.41-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-stob_43.41_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stobaeus, xlviii. 53</span>
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<li id="cite_note-pol_6p-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pol_6p_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Polyaenus, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.attalus.org/translate/polyaenus6.html#Preface">praef. lib. vi</a></span>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div>
<ul><li>Bayle, Pierre. "Polyænus." <i>Dictionnaire historique et critique.</i> Amsterdam, 1740.</li>
<li><cite id="CITEREFBrodersen2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Kai_Brodersen" title="Kai Brodersen">Brodersen, Kai</a>, ed. (2010). <i>Polyainos. Neue Studien. Polyaenus. New Studies</i>. Berlin: Verlag Antike. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-3-938032-39-8</bdi>.</cite></li>
<li><cite id="CITEREFBrodersen2017" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="Kai_Brodersen" title="Kai Brodersen">Brodersen, Kai</a> (2017). <i>Polyainos: </i>Strategika<i></i> (in Greek and German). Berlin & Boston: De Gruyter. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-3-11-053664-5</bdi>.</cite></li>
<li><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Polyaenus"><a class="external text external" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Polyaenus">"Polyaenus" </a></span>. <i><a href="Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 22 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 17.</cite></li>
<li><cite id="CITEREFDain" class="citation journal cs1">Dain, A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://visualiseur.bnf.fr/Visualiseur?Destination=Gallica&O=NUMM-69253">"Les Cinq adaptations Byzantines de les <i>Stratagèmes</i> de Polyen"</a>. <i>Revue des études anciennes</i>: <span class="nowrap">321–</span>346.</cite></li>
<li><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://remacle.org/bloodwolf/erudits/polyen/index.htm">"Polyen: Ruses de guerre"</a>. <i>Site de Philippe Remacle</i> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite> — Gui-Alexis Lobineau (traducteur), <a href="Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, (1840)</li>
<li><cite id="CITEREFSeyffert1894" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-unfit"><a href="Oskar_Seyffert_(classical_scholar)" title="Oskar Seyffert (classical scholar)">Seyffert, Oskar</a> (1894). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120921115205/http://www.ancientlibrary.com/seyffert/0502.html">"Polyænus"</a>. <i>Dictionary of Classical Antiquities</i>. Archived from the original on September 21, 2012.</cite></li>
<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> <cite id="CITEREFSmith1870" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="William_Smith_(lexicographer)" title="William Smith (lexicographer)">Smith, William</a>, ed. (1870). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0104%3Aentry%3Dpolyaenus-bio-9">"Polyaenus (4) the Macedonian"</a>. <i><a href="Dictionary_of_Greek_and_Roman_Biography_and_Mythology" title="Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology">Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology</a></i>. Vol. 3.</cite></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.livius.org">Livius</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.livius.org/sources/content/polyaenus/">Polyaenus</a> by Jona Lendering</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://websfor.org/alexander/polyaenus/intro.asp">Polyaenus, <i>Stratagems of War</i>, Translated by E. Shepherd, 1793</a> (excerpts: those stratagems concerning Alexander and some of the <a href="Diadochi" title="Diadochi">Diadochi</a>)</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.attalus.org/info/polyaenus.html"><i>Stratagems of War</i></a> (complete translation)</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/polyaenistratege00polyuoft">Eduard von Woelffin 1887 edition at the Internet Archive</a></li></ul>
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</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q537755#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata4198" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q537755#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata4198" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Authority control databases </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/000000008339499X">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/15564840">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/3311161453860264330002">2</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/163637161">3</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/268679802">4</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/110115744">5</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/1091159474225127661879">6</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/291159474315827662500">7</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/2563159477981027990006">8</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/386144647703875036992">9</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/57154380971230291459">10</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/3507167764338913890008">11</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.worldcat.org/fast/337227">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PCjFmtykTYdVQtc7kxwftXd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118741411">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n94028544">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb123171991">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb123171991">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00756593">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Polyaenus : Macedo"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV185644">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datos.bne.es/resource/XX1093657">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/161669">Portugal</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/722175">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p06995142X">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/95004199">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000050390&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000506352&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=27973">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/pm1366372d0wdwp">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810598739105606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text external" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/25170">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007266627805171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058523372406706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14560537">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA02986019?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/974360">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/118741411.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118741411">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/032072252">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lux.collections.yale.edu/view/person/a59705d4-411d-48f5-a492-17e2b949c1a1">Yale LUX</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><!--htdig_noindex--><div><div class="zim-footer">
This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-05-18" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Polyaenus&oldid=1291078704">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.
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